Echothiophate Iodide For Ophthalmic Solution

Reduction of Elevated IOP Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution is indicated for the reduction of elevated IOP. Accommodative Esotropia Concomitant esotropias with a significant accommodative component.

Active uveal inflammation. Most cases of angle-closure glaucoma without iridectomy, due to the possibility of increasing angle block. Hypersensitivity to the active or inactive ingredients.

Succinylcholine should be administered only with great caution, if at all, prior to or during general anesthesia to patients receiving anticholinesterase medication because of possible respiratory or cardiovascular collapse. Caution should be observed in treating elevated IOP with echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution in patients who are at the same time undergoing treatment with systemic anticholinesterase medications, because of possible adverse additive effects.

General Digital compression of the nasolacrimal ducts for a minute or two following instillation to minimize drainage into the nasal chamber is recommended. To prevent possible skin absorption, hands should be washed following instillation. Discontinue use of the medication if cardiac irregularities occur. Anticholinesterase drugs should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with marked vagotonia, bronchial asthma, spastic gastrointestinal disturbances, peptic ulcer, pronounced bradycardia and hypotension, recent myocardial infarction, epilepsy, parkinsonism, and other disorders that may respond adversely to vagotonic effects. Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution should be used with caution, where there is a prior history of retinal detachment. Temporary discontinuance of medication is necessary if salivation, urinary incontinence, diarrhea, profuse sweating, muscle weakness, or respiratory difficulties occur. Patients receiving echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution who are exposed to carbamate- or organophosphate-type insecticides and pesticides should be warned of the additive systemic effects possible from absorption of the pesticide through the respiratory tract or skin. During periods of exposure to such pesticides, the wearing of respiratory masks, and frequent washing and clothing changes may be advisable. Drug Interactions Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution potentiates other cholinesterase inhibitors such as succinylcholine or organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Patients undergoing systemic anticholinesterase treatment should be warned of the possible additive effects of echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility No data is available regarding carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and impairment of fertility. Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution. It is also not known whether echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have been established. Geriatric Use No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

General Digital compression of the nasolacrimal ducts for a minute or two following instillation to minimize drainage into the nasal chamber is recommended. To prevent possible skin absorption, hands should be washed following instillation. Discontinue use of the medication if cardiac irregularities occur. Anticholinesterase drugs should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with marked vagotonia, bronchial asthma, spastic gastrointestinal disturbances, peptic ulcer, pronounced bradycardia and hypotension, recent myocardial infarction, epilepsy, parkinsonism, and other disorders that may respond adversely to vagotonic effects. Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution should be used with caution, where there is a prior history of retinal detachment. Temporary discontinuance of medication is necessary if salivation, urinary incontinence, diarrhea, profuse sweating, muscle weakness, or respiratory difficulties occur. Patients receiving echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution who are exposed to carbamate- or organophosphate-type insecticides and pesticides should be warned of the additive systemic effects possible from absorption of the pesticide through the respiratory tract or skin. During periods of exposure to such pesticides, the wearing of respiratory masks, and frequent washing and clothing changes may be advisable.

Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution potentiates other cholinesterase inhibitors such as succinylcholine or organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Patients undergoing systemic anticholinesterase treatment should be warned of the possible additive effects of echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution.

Although the relationship, if any, of retinal detachment to the administration of echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution has not been established, retinal detachment has been reported in a few cases during the use of echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution in adult patients without a previous history of this disorder. Stinging, burning, lacrimation, lid muscle twitching, conjunctival and ciliary redness, browache, induced myopia with visual blurring may occur. Activation of latent iritis or uveitis may occur. Iris cysts may form, and if treatment is continued, may enlarge and obscure vision. This occurrence is more frequent in children. The cysts usually shrink upon discontinuance of the medication or by reducing the frequency of instillation. Rarely, they may rupture or break free into the aqueous. Regular examinations are advisable when the drug is being prescribed for the treatment of accommodative esotropia. Prolonged use may cause conjunctival thickening, obstruction of nasolacrimal canals. Lens opacities have been reported with echothiophate iodide. Paradoxical increase in IOP may follow anticholinesterase instillation. This may be alleviated by prescribing a sympathomimetic mydriatic such as phenylephrine. Cardiac irregularities.

Teratogenic Effects Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution. It is also not known whether echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have been established.

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

Chemical name: (2-mercaptoethyl) trimethylammonium iodide O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate Structural formula Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution occurs as a white, crystalline, water-soluble, hygroscopic solid having a slight mercaptan-like odor. When freeze-dried in the presence of potassium acetate, the mixture appears as a white amorphous deposit on the walls of the bottle. Each package contains materials for dispensing 5 mL of eyedrops: (1) bottle containing sterile echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution 6.25 mg (0.125%) with 40 mg potassium acetate. Sodium hydroxide or acetic acid may have been incorporated to adjust pH during manufacturing; (2) a 5 mL bottle of sterile diluent containing chlorobutanol (chloral derivative), 0.55%; mannitol, 1.2%; boric acid, 0.06%; and sodium phosphate, 0.026%; (3) sterilized dropper. Structural Formula

Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution is a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor for topical use which enhances the effect of endogenously liberated acetylcholine in iris, ciliary muscle, and other parasympathetically innervated structures of the eye. It thereby causes miosis, increase in facility of outflow of aqueous humor, fall in intraocular pressure (IOP), and potentiation of accommodation. Echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution will depress both plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase levels in most patients after a few weeks of eyedrop therapy.

, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility No data is available regarding carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and impairment of fertility.