Ibandronate Sodium — Daroonameh

Overview

Active ingredient: Ibandronate Sodium
Route: Intravenous
Label date: 2026-01-15

Indications and usage

Ibandronate sodium injection is a bisphosphonate indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. ( 1.1 ) Limitations of Use Optimal duration of use has not been determined. For patients at low-risk for fracture, consider drug discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use ( 1.2 )

1.1 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Ibandronate sodium Injection is indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, ibandronate sodium injection increases bone mineral density (BMD) and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures [see Clinical Studies (14) ] .

1.2 Important Limitations of Use The safety and effectiveness of ibandronate sodium injection for the treatment of osteoporosis are based on clinical data of one year duration. The optimal duration of use has not been determined. All patients on bisphosphonate therapy should have the need for continued therapy re-evaluated on a periodic basis. Patients at low-risk for fracture should be considered for drug discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use. Patients who discontinue therapy should have their risk for fracture re-evaluated periodically.

Dosage and administration

3 mg every 3 months administered intravenously over a period of 15 to 30 seconds ( 2.2 ) Dosing Instructions: Only administer intravenously by a health care professional. ( 2.1 ) Do not mix with calcium-containing solutions or other intravenously administered drugs. ( 2.1 ) Do not administer more frequently than once every 3 months. ( 2.2 ) Instruct patients to take supplemental calcium and vitamin D if dietary intake is inadequate.

2.1 Important Administration Instructions Ibandronate sodium Injection must be administered intravenously only by a health care professional. Care must be taken not to administer intra-arterially or paravenously as this could lead to tissue damage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Appropriate medical support and monitoring measures should be readily available when ibandronate sodium injection is administered. If anaphylactic or other severe hypersensitivity/allergic reactions occur, immediately discontinue the injection and initiate appropriate treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Visually inspect the liquid in the prefilled syringe for particulate matter and discoloration before administration. Do not use prefilled syringes with particulate matter or discoloration. Administer only with the enclosed needle. Discard any unused portion. Do not mix with calcium-containing solutions or other intravenously administered drugs. Prefilled syringes are for single-dose only.

2.2 Dosage Information The recommended dose of ibandronate sodium injection for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis is 3 mg every 3 months administered intravenously over a period of 15 to 30 seconds. Do not administer more frequently than once every 3 months.

2.3 Laboratory Testing and Oral Examination Prior to Administration Prior to administration of each dose obtain a serum creatinine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Given that bisphosphonates have been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), perform a routine oral examination prior to administration of ibandronate sodium injection.

2.4 Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation Instruct patients to take supplemental calcium and vitamin D if their dietary intake is inadequate. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] .

2.5 Dosing After Missed Dose If the dose is missed, administer as soon as it can be re-scheduled. Thereafter, ibandronate sodium injection should be scheduled every 3 months from the date of the last injection.

2.6 Dosage Modifications in Patients with Renal Impairment Do not administer to patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/minute) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . No dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 30 mL/min) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .

Dosage forms and strengths

Ibandronate sodium Injection is supplied as a kit containing: a 3 mg/3 mL (1 mg/mL) single-dose prefilled syringe. a 25-gauge, 3/4 inch needle with wings, needle-stick protection device, and a 9 cm plastic tubing for attachment Ibandronate sodium Injection is supplied as a kit containing: a 3 mg/3 mL (1 mg/mL) single-dose prefilled syringe. a 25-gauge, 3/4 inch needle with wings, needle-stick protection device, and a 9 cm plastic tubing for attachment ( 3 )

Contraindications

Ibandronate sodium is contraindicated in patients with the following conditions: Hypocalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Known hypersensitivity to ibandronate sodium injection or to any of its excipients. Cases of anaphylaxis, including fatal events, have been reported. [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] Hypocalcemia ( 4 ) Hypersensitivity to ibandronate sodium injection ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypocalcemia can worsen. Correct hypocalcemia prior to use. Adequately supplement patients with calcium and vitamin D ( 5.1 ) Anaphylaxis , including fatal events, has been reported. ( 5.2 ) Renal Toxicity may be greater in patients with underlying renal impairment. Do not administer ibandronate sodium injection to patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min). Monitor serum creatinine prior to each dose. ( 5.3 ) Tissue Damage with Inappropriate Drug Administration can occur. Do not administer ibandronate sodium injection intra-arterially or paravenously. ( 5.4 ) Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been reported. ( 5.5 ) Severe Bone, Joint, and/or Muscle Pain may occur, consider discontinuing use if symptoms occur. ( 5.6 ) Atypical Fractures Including Femoral Fractures have been reported. Patients with new thigh or groin pain should be evaluated to rule out a femoral fracture. Risk/benefit of continuing bisphosphonate therapy should be re-evaluated in these patients and interruption of bisphosphonate therapy should be considered (5.7)

5.1 Hypocalcemia and Mineral Metabolism Ibandronate sodium Injection may cause a decrease in serum calcium values. Treat hypocalcemia, hypovitaminosis D, and other disturbances of bone and mineral metabolism before starting ibandronate sodium injection therapy. Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is important in all patients. It is recommended that patients receive supplemental calcium and vitamin D if dietary intake is inadequate.

5.2 Anaphylactic Reaction Cases of anaphylaxis, including fatal events, have been reported in patients treated with ibandronate sodium injection . Appropriate medical support and monitoring measures should be readily available when ibandronate sodium injection is administered. If anaphylactic or other severe h ypersensitivity/allergic reactions occur, immediately discontinue the injection and initiate appropriate treatment.

5.3 Renal Impairment Treatment with intraveno us bisphosphonates has been associated with renal toxicity manifested as deterioration in renal function and acute renal failure. Although no cases of acute renal failure were observed in controlled clinical trials in which intravenous ibandronate sodium was administered as a 15- to 30-second bolus, acute renal failure has been reported postmarketing. Do not administer ibandronate sodium injection to patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min). Obtain s erum creatinine prior to each ibandronate sodium injection. After ibandronate sodium injection, assess renal function, as clinically appropriate, in patients with concomitant diseases or ta king medications that have the potential for adverse effects on the kidney. Ibandronate sodium Injection should be withheld in patients with renal deterioration.

5.4 Tissue Damage Related to Inappropriate Drug Administration Ibandronate sodium Injection must only be administered intravenously. Care must be taken not to administer ibandronate sodium injection intra-arterially or paravenously as this could lead to tissue damage. Do not administer ibandronate sodium injection by any other route of administration. The safety and efficacy of ibandronate sodium injection following non-intravenous routes of administration have not been established.

5.5 Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been reported in patients treated with bisphosphonates, including ibandronate sodium injection. Most cases have been in cancer patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates undergoing dental procedures. Some cases have occurred in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with either oral or intravenous bisphosphonates. A routine oral examination should be performed by the prescriber prior to initiation of bisphosphonate treatment. Consider a dental examination with appropriate preventive dentistry prior to treatment with bisphosphonates in patients with a history of concomitant risk factors (e.g., cancer, chemotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, radiotherapy, corticosteroids, poor oral hygiene, pre-existing dental disease or infection, anemia, coagulopathy). Concomitant administration of drugs associated with ONJ may increase the risk of developing ONJ. The risk of ONJ may increase with duration of exposure to bisphosphonates. While on treatment, patients with concomitant risk factors should avoid invasive dental procedures if possible. For patients who develop ONJ while on bisphosphonate therapy, dental surgery may exacerbate the condition. For patients requiring dental procedures, there are no data available to suggest whether discontinuation of bisphosphonate treatment reduces the risk of ONJ. The clinical judgment of the treating physician should guide the management plan of each patient based on individual benefit/risk assessment [ see Adverse Reactions (6.1 ) ].

5.6 Musculoskeletal Pain Severe and occasionally incapacitating bone, joint, and/or muscle pain has been reported in patients taking ibandronate sodium and other bisphosphonates [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . The time to onset of symptoms varied from one day to several months after starting the drug. Most patients had relief of symptoms after stopping the bisphosphonate. A subset of patients had recurrence of symptoms when rechallenged with the same drug or another bisphosphonate. Discontinue ibandronate sodium if severe symptoms develop.

5.7 Atypical Fractures Including Femoral Fractures Atypical, low-energy, or low-trauma fractures of the femoral shaft have been reported during treatment with bisphosphonates, including ibandronate sodium in patients with osteoporosis. Atypical femur and other fractures most commonly occur with minimal or no trauma to the affected area. These fractures occurred anywhere in the femoral shaft from just below the lesser trochanter to above the supracondylar flare and are traverse or short oblique in orientation without evidence of comminution. Atypical fractures of other bones have also been reported. They may be bilateral. These fractures can also occur in osteoporotic patients who have not been treated with bisphosphonates. Concomitant treatment with glucocorticoids may also induce these fractures. Prodromal pain in the affected area, usually presenting as dull, aching thigh pain, weeks to months before a complete fracture occurs was reported by patients. Any patient with a history of bisphosphonate exposure who presents with thigh or groin pain should be suspected of having an atypical fracture and should be evaluated to rule out an incomplete femur fracture. Bone pain in other locations should also be considered for evaluation of atypical fracture. Patients presenting with an atypical fracture should also be assessed for symptoms and signs of fracture in the contralateral limb. Risk/benefit of continuing bisphosphonate therapy should be re-evaluated in these patients and interruption of bisphosphonate therapy should be considered.

Drug interactions

7.1 Melphalan/Prednisolone Intravenous ibandronate (6 mg) did not interact with intravenous melphalan (10 mg/m 2 ) or oral prednisolone (60 mg/m 2 ) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .

7.2 Tamoxifen There was no interaction between oral 30 mg tamoxifen and intravenous 2 mg ibandronate [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .

7.3 Bone Imaging Agents Bisphosphonates are known to interfere with the use of bone-imaging agents. Specific studies with ibandronate sodium have not been performed.

Adverse reactions

The following clinically significant adverse drug reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Hypocalcemia and Mineral Metabolism [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Anaphylactic Reaction [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Renal Impairment [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Tissue Damage Related to Inappropriate Drug Administration [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Osteonecrosis of the Jaw [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Musculoskeletal [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Atypical Fractures Including Femoral Fractures [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] The most frequently reported adverse reactions (>5%) are arthralgia, back pain, and abdominal pain. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Apotex Corp. at 1-800-706-5575 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Quarterly Intravenous Injection – In a 1-year, double-blind, multicenter study comparing ibandronate sodium injection administered intravenously as 3 mg every 3 months to ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily oral tablet in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, the overall safety and tolerability profiles of the two dosing regimens were similar. The incidence of serious adverse reactions was 8.0% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily group and 7.5% in the ibandronate sodium injection 3 mg once every 3 months group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse reactions was approximately 6.7% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily group and 8.5% in the ibandronate sodium injection 3 mg every 3 months group. Table 1 lists the adverse reactions reported in greater than 2% of patients. Table 1 Adverse Reactions With an Incidence of at Least 2% in Patients Treated with Ibandronate sodium Injection (3 mg once every 3 months) or Ibandronate sodium Tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) Daily Oral Tablet Body System/Adverse Reaction Ibandronate sodium Tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) Daily (Oral) % (n=465) Ibandronate sodium 3 mg every 3 months (Intravenous) % (n=469) Infections and Infestations Influenza 8 5 Nasopharyngitis 6 3 Cystitis 3 2 Gastroenteritis 3 2 Urinary Tract Infection 3 3 Bronchitis 3 2 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 3 1 Gastrointestinal Disorders Abdominal Pain Combination of abdominal pain and abdominal pain upper 6 5 Dyspepsia 4 4 Nausea 4 2 Constipation 4 3 Diarrhea 2 3 Gastritis 2 2 Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Arthralgia 9 10 Back Pain 8 7 Localized Osteoarthritis 2 2 Pain in Extremity 2 3 Myalgia 1 3 Nervous System Disorders Dizziness 3 2 Headache 3 4 Psychiatric Disorders Insomnia 3 1 Depression 2 1 General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Influenza-like Illness Combination of influenza-like illness and acute phase reaction 1 5 Fatigue 1 3 Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Rash Combination of rash, rash pruritic, rash macular, dermatitis, dermatitis allergic, exanthema, erythema, rash papular, rash generalized, dermatitis medicamentosa, rash erythematous 3 2 Acute Phase Reaction-like Events Symptoms consistent with acute phase reaction (APR) have been reported with intravenous bisphosphonate use. The overall incidence of patients with APR-like events was higher in the intravenous treatment group (4% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily oral tablet group vs. 10% in the ibandronate sodium injection 3 mg once every 3 months group). These incidence rates are based upon reporting of any of 33 potential APR-like symptoms within 3 days of an intravenous dose and lasting 7 days or less. In most cases, no specific treatment was required and the symptoms subsided within 24 to 48 hours. Injection Site Reactions Local reactions at the injection site, such as redness or swelling, were observed at a higher incidence in patients treated with ibandronate sodium injection 3 mg every 3 months (1.7%; 8/469) than in patients treated with placebo injections (0.2%; 1/465). In most cases, the reaction was of mild to moderate severity. Daily Oral Tablet - The safety of ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) once daily in the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in 3577 patients aged 41 to 82 years. The duration of the trials was 2 to 3 years, with 1134 patients exposed to placebo and 1140 exposed to ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate). Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists were included in these clinical trials. All patients received 500 mg calcium plus 400 international units vitamin D supplementation daily. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 1% in the placebo group and 1.2% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily group. The incidence of serious adverse reactions was 20% in the placebo group and 23% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily oral tablet group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse reactions was approximately 17% in both the placebo group and the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily oral tablet group. Table 2 lists adverse reactions from the Treatment and Prevention Studies reported in greater than or equal to 2% of patients and in more patients treated with ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily oral tablet than patients treated with placebo. Table 2 Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence greater than or equal to 2% and in More Patients Treated with Ibandronate sodium Tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) Daily Oral Tablet than in Patients Treated with Placebo in the Osteoporosis Treatment and Prevention Studies Body System Placebo % (n=1134) Ibandronate sodium Tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily % (n=1140) Body as a Whole Back Pain 12 14 Pain in Extremity 6 8 Asthenia 2 4 Allergic Reaction 2 3 Digestive System Dyspepsia 10 12 Diarrhea 5 7 Tooth Disorder 2 4 Vomiting 2 3 Gastritis 2 2 Musculoskeletal System Myalgia 5 6 Joint Disorder 3 4 Arthritis 3 3 Nervous System Headache 6 7 Dizziness 3 4 Vertigo 3 3 Respiratory System Upper Respiratory Infection 33 34 Bronchitis 7 10 Pneumonia 4 6 Pharyngitis 2 3 Urogenital System Urinary Tract Infection 4 6 Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions The incidence of selected gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the placebo and ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily groups were: dyspepsia (10% vs. 12%), diarrhea (5% vs. 7%), and abdominal pain (5% vs. 6%). Musculoskeletal Adverse Reactions The incidence of selected musculoskeletal adverse reactions in the placebo and ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily groups were: back pain (12% vs. 14%), arthralgia (14% vs. 14%) and myalgia (5% vs. 6%).

6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of ibandronate sodium injection or bisphophonate products. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Hypersensitivity Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis with fatalities, angioedema, asthma exacerbation, bronchospasm, rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, and dermatitis bullous [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Hypocalcemia Hypocalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Renal Toxicity Acute renal failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Osteonecrosis of the jaw and other oro-facial sites, including the external auditory canal [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] . Musculoskeletal Bone, joint, or muscle pain, described as severe or incapacitating, have been reported rarely [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] ; low-energy femoral shaft and subtrochanteric fractures, and atypical fractures of other bones [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] . Eye Inflammation Iritis and uveitis. In some cases with other bisphosphonates, these events did not resolve until the bisphosphonate was discontinued.

Overdosage

No cases of overdose were reported in premarketing studies with ibandronate sodium injection. Overdosage with intravenous bisphosphonates may result in hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia. Clinically relevant reductions in serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium should be corrected by intravenous administration of calcium gluconate, potassium or sodium phosphate, and magnesium sulfate, respectively. Dialysis would not be beneficial unless it is administered within 2 hours following the overdose.

Use in specific populations

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Ibandronate sodium is not indicated for use in women of reproductive potential. There are no data with ibandronate sodium use in pregnant women to inform any drug-associated risks. In reproductive toxicity studies in the rat, ibandronate sodium caused obstruction of labor, with maternal periparturient mortality, pup loss and reduced pup weight at greater than or equal to 2 times human exposure at the recommended human intravenous dose of 3 mg. Abnormal pup odontogeny was observed at greater than or equal to 18 times human exposure. In rats dosed during pregnancy, kidney developmental toxicity occurred in offspring at greater than or equal to 47 times human exposure. Also, fetal weight and pup growth were reduced at greater than or equal to 5 times human exposure. In reproductive studies in the rabbit, ibandronate sodium caused maternal mortality, reduced maternal body weight gain, decreased litter size due to increased resorption rate, and decreased fetal weight at 19 times the recommended human dose ( see Data ). Data Animal Data In pregnant rats given intravenous doses producing greater than or equal to 2 times human exposure from Day 17 post-coitum until Day 20 post-partum, ibandronate treatment resulted in dystocia, maternal mortality, and early postnatal pup loss in all dose groups. Reduced body weight at birth was observed at greater than or equal to 4 times the human exposure. Pups exhibited abnormal odontogeny that decreased food consumption and body weight gain at greater than or equal to 18 times human exposure. Periparturient mortality has also been observed with other bisphosphonates and appears to be a class effect related to inhibition of skeletal calcium mobilization resulting in hypocalcemia and dystocia. Exposure of pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in an increased fetal incidence of RPU (renal pelvis ureter) syndrome at an intravenous dose producing greater than or equal to 47 times human exposure. In this spontaneous delivery study, dystocia was counteracted by perinatal calcium supplementation. In rat studies with intravenous dosing during gestation, fetal weight and pup growth were reduced at doses producing greater than or equal to 5 times human exposure. In pregnant rabbits given intravenous doses during the period of organogenesis, maternal mortality, reduced maternal body weight gain, decreased litter size due to increased resorption rate, and decreased fetal weight were observed at 19 times the recommended human intravenous dose. Exposure multiples for the rat studies were calculated using human exposure at the recommended intravenous dose of 3 mg every 3 months and were based on cumulative area under the curve (AUC) comparison. Exposure multiples for the rabbit study were calculated for the recommended human intravenous dose of 3 mg every 3 months and were based on cumulative dose/[body surface area] comparison. Doses in pregnant animals were 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.3, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day in rats, and 0.03, 0.07, or 0.2 mg/kg/day in rabbits.

8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Ibandronate sodium is not indicated for use in women of reproductive potential. There is no information on the presence of ibandronate in human milk, the effects of ibandronate on the breastfed infant, or the effects of ibandronate on milk production. Ibandronate is present in rat milk (see Data). The clinical relevance of this data is unclear. Data Animal Data In lactating rats treated with intravenous doses of 0.08 mg/kg, ibandronate was present in breast milk at concentrations of 8.1 to 0.4 ng/mL from 2 to 24 hours after dose administration. Concentrations in milk averaged 1.5 times plasma concentrations.

8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of ibandronate sodium injection in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use Of the patients receiving ibandronate sodium injection 3 mg every 3 months for 1 year, 51% were over 65 years of age. No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between these patients and younger patients, but greater sensitivity in some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

8.6 Renal Impairment Ibandronate sodium Injection should not be administered to patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] .

Pregnancy

Risk Summary Ibandronate sodium is not indicated for use in women of reproductive potential. There are no data with ibandronate sodium use in pregnant women to inform any drug-associated risks. In reproductive toxicity studies in the rat, ibandronate sodium caused obstruction of labor, with maternal periparturient mortality, pup loss and reduced pup weight at greater than or equal to 2 times human exposure at the recommended human intravenous dose of 3 mg. Abnormal pup odontogeny was observed at greater than or equal to 18 times human exposure. In rats dosed during pregnancy, kidney developmental toxicity occurred in offspring at greater than or equal to 47 times human exposure. Also, fetal weight and pup growth were reduced at greater than or equal to 5 times human exposure. In reproductive studies in the rabbit, ibandronate sodium caused maternal mortality, reduced maternal body weight gain, decreased litter size due to increased resorption rate, and decreased fetal weight at 19 times the recommended human dose ( see Data ). Data Animal Data In pregnant rats given intravenous doses producing greater than or equal to 2 times human exposure from Day 17 post-coitum until Day 20 post-partum, ibandronate treatment resulted in dystocia, maternal mortality, and early postnatal pup loss in all dose groups. Reduced body weight at birth was observed at greater than or equal to 4 times the human exposure. Pups exhibited abnormal odontogeny that decreased food consumption and body weight gain at greater than or equal to 18 times human exposure. Periparturient mortality has also been observed with other bisphosphonates and appears to be a class effect related to inhibition of skeletal calcium mobilization resulting in hypocalcemia and dystocia. Exposure of pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in an increased fetal incidence of RPU (renal pelvis ureter) syndrome at an intravenous dose producing greater than or equal to 47 times human exposure. In this spontaneous delivery study, dystocia was counteracted by perinatal calcium supplementation. In rat studies with intravenous dosing during gestation, fetal weight and pup growth were reduced at doses producing greater than or equal to 5 times human exposure. In pregnant rabbits given intravenous doses during the period of organogenesis, maternal mortality, reduced maternal body weight gain, decreased litter size due to increased resorption rate, and decreased fetal weight were observed at 19 times the recommended human intravenous dose. Exposure multiples for the rat studies were calculated using human exposure at the recommended intravenous dose of 3 mg every 3 months and were based on cumulative area under the curve (AUC) comparison. Exposure multiples for the rabbit study were calculated for the recommended human intravenous dose of 3 mg every 3 months and were based on cumulative dose/[body surface area] comparison. Doses in pregnant animals were 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.3, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day in rats, and 0.03, 0.07, or 0.2 mg/kg/day in rabbits.

Nursing mothers

Pediatric use

Safety and effectiveness of ibandronate sodium injection in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric use

Of the patients receiving ibandronate sodium injection 3 mg every 3 months for 1 year, 51% were over 65 years of age. No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between these patients and younger patients, but greater sensitivity in some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Description

Ibandronate sodium is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The chemical name for ibandronate sodium is 1-Hydroxy-3-(methylpentylamino) propylidene]bisphosphonic acid sodium salt. Monohydrate with the molecular formula C 9 H 22 NO 7 P 2 Na

H 2 O and a molecular weight of 359.21. Ibandronate sodium is a white- to off-white powder. It is freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in organic solvents. Ibandronate sodium has the following structural formula: Ibandronate sodium Injection is intended for intravenous administration only. Ibandronate sodium Injection is available as a sterile, clear, colorless, ready-to-use solution in a prefilled syringe that delivers 3.375 mg of ibandronate monosodium salt monohydrate in 3 mL of solution, equivalent to a dose of 3 mg ibandronate free acid. Inactive ingredients include sodium chloride, glacial acetic acid, sodium acetate trihydrate and water for injection. Glacial acetic acid and sodium acetate trihydrate are used to adjust pH. Chemical Structure

Clinical pharmacology

12.1 Mechanism of Action The action of ibandronate on bone is based on its affinity for hydroxyapatite, which is part of the mineral matrix of bone. Ibandronate inhibits osteoclast activity and reduces bone resorption and turnover. In postmenopausal women, it reduces the elevated rate of bone turnover, leading to, on average, a net gain in bone mass.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics In studies of postmenopausal women, ibandronate sodium injection at doses of 0.5 mg to 3 mg produced biochemical changes indicative of inhibition of bone resorption, including decreases of biochemical markers of bone collagen degradation (cross-linked C-telopeptide of Type I collagen [CTX]). Changes in markers of bone formation (osteocalcin) were observed later than changes in resorption markers, as expected, due to the coupled nature of bone resorption and formation. Year 1 results from an efficacy and safety study comparing ibandronate sodium injection 3 mg every 3 months and ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily oral tablet demonstrated that both dosing regimens significantly suppressed serum CTX levels at Months 3, 6, and 12. The median pre-dose or trough serum CTX levels in the intent-to-treat population reached a nadir of 57% (ibandronate sodium injection) and 62% (ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) below baseline values by Month 6, and remained stable at Month 12 of treatment.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Distribution Area under the serum ibandronate concentrations versus time curve increases in a dose proportional manner after administration of 2 mg to 6 mg by intravenous injection. After administration, ibandronate either rapidly binds to bone or is excreted into urine. In humans, the apparent terminal volume of distribution is at least 90 L, and the amount of dose removed from the circulation into the bone is estimated to be 40% to 50% of the circulating dose. In one study, in vitro protein binding in human serum was approximately 86% over an ibandronate concentration range of 20 to 2,000 ng/mL (approximate range of maximum serum ibandronate concentrations upon intravenous bolus administration). Metabolism There is no evidence that ibandronate is metabolized in humans. Ibandronate does not inhibit human P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 isozymes in vitro . Ibandronate does not undergo hepatic metabolism and does not inhibit the hepatic cytochrome P450 system. Ibandronate is eliminated by renal excretion. Based on a rat study, the ibandronate secretory pathway does not appear to include known acidic or basic transport systems involved in the excretion of other drugs. Elimination The portion of ibandronate that is not removed from the circulation via bone absorption is eliminated unchanged by the kidney (approximately 50% to 60% of the administered intravenous dose). The plasma elimination of ibandronate is multiphasic. Its renal clearance and distribution into bone accounts for a rapid and early decline in plasma concentrations, reaching 10% of C max within 3 or 8 hours after intravenous or oral administration, respectively. This is followed by a slower clearance phase as ibandronate redistributes back into the blood from bone. The observed apparent terminal half-life for ibandronate is generally dependent on the dose studied and on assay sensitivity. The observed apparent terminal half-life for intravenous 2 and 4 mg ibandronate after 2 hours of infusion ranges from 4.6 to 15.3 hours and 5 to 25.5 hours, respectively. Following intravenous administration, total clearance of ibandronate is low, with average values in the range 84 to 160 mL/min. Renal clearance (about 60 mL/min in healthy postmenopausal women) accounts for 50% to 60% of total clearance and is related to creatinine clearance. The difference between the apparent total and renal clearances likely reflects bone uptake of the drug. Pharmacokinetics in Specific Populations Pediatrics The pharmacokinetics of ibandronate have not been studied in patients less than 18 years of age. Gender The pharmacokinetics of ibandronate are similar in both men and women. Geriatric Since ibandronate is not known to be metabolized, the only difference in ibandronate elimination for geriatric patients versus younger patients is expected to relate to progressive age-related changes in renal function [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) ] . Race Pharmacokinetic differences due to race have not been studied. Renal Impairment Renal clearance of ibandronate in patients with various degrees of renal impairment is linearly related to creatinine clearance (CLcr). Following a single dose of 0.5 mg ibandronate by intravenous administration, patients with creatinine clearance 40 to 70 mL/min had 55% higher exposure (AUC ∞ ) than the exposure observed in patients with creatinine clearance higher than 90 mL/min. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min) had more than a two-fold increase in exposure compared to the exposure for patients with creatinine clearance equal to or higher than 80 mL/min [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . Hepatic Impairment No studies have been performed to assess the pharmacokinetics of ibandronate in patients with hepatic impairment since ibandronate is not metabolized in the human liver. Drug Interaction Melphalan/Prednisolone A pharmacokinetic interaction study in multiple myeloma patients demonstrated that intravenous melphalan (10 mg/m 2 ) and oral prednisolone (60 mg/m 2 ) did not interact with 6 mg ibandronate upon intravenous coadministration. Ibandronate did not interact with melphalan or prednisolone. Tamoxifen A pharmacokinetic interaction study in healthy postmenopausal women demonstrated that there was no interaction between oral 30 mg tamoxifen and intravenous 2 mg ibandronate.

Mechanism of action

The action of ibandronate on bone is based on its affinity for hydroxyapatite, which is part of the mineral matrix of bone. Ibandronate inhibits osteoclast activity and reduces bone resorption and turnover. In postmenopausal women, it reduces the elevated rate of bone turnover, leading to, on average, a net gain in bone mass.

Pharmacodynamics

In studies of postmenopausal women, ibandronate sodium injection at doses of 0.5 mg to 3 mg produced biochemical changes indicative of inhibition of bone resorption, including decreases of biochemical markers of bone collagen degradation (cross-linked C-telopeptide of Type I collagen [CTX]). Changes in markers of bone formation (osteocalcin) were observed later than changes in resorption markers, as expected, due to the coupled nature of bone resorption and formation. Year 1 results from an efficacy and safety study comparing ibandronate sodium injection 3 mg every 3 months and ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) daily oral tablet demonstrated that both dosing regimens significantly suppressed serum CTX levels at Months 3, 6, and 12. The median pre-dose or trough serum CTX levels in the intent-to-treat population reached a nadir of 57% (ibandronate sodium injection) and 62% (ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg (ibandronate) below baseline values by Month 6, and remained stable at Month 12 of treatment.

Pharmacokinetics

Distribution Area under the serum ibandronate concentrations versus time curve increases in a dose proportional manner after administration of 2 mg to 6 mg by intravenous injection. After administration, ibandronate either rapidly binds to bone or is excreted into urine. In humans, the apparent terminal volume of distribution is at least 90 L, and the amount of dose removed from the circulation into the bone is estimated to be 40% to 50% of the circulating dose. In one study, in vitro protein binding in human serum was approximately 86% over an ibandronate concentration range of 20 to 2,000 ng/mL (approximate range of maximum serum ibandronate concentrations upon intravenous bolus administration). Metabolism There is no evidence that ibandronate is metabolized in humans. Ibandronate does not inhibit human P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 isozymes in vitro . Ibandronate does not undergo hepatic metabolism and does not inhibit the hepatic cytochrome P450 system. Ibandronate is eliminated by renal excretion. Based on a rat study, the ibandronate secretory pathway does not appear to include known acidic or basic transport systems involved in the excretion of other drugs. Elimination The portion of ibandronate that is not removed from the circulation via bone absorption is eliminated unchanged by the kidney (approximately 50% to 60% of the administered intravenous dose). The plasma elimination of ibandronate is multiphasic. Its renal clearance and distribution into bone accounts for a rapid and early decline in plasma concentrations, reaching 10% of C max within 3 or 8 hours after intravenous or oral administration, respectively. This is followed by a slower clearance phase as ibandronate redistributes back into the blood from bone. The observed apparent terminal half-life for ibandronate is generally dependent on the dose studied and on assay sensitivity. The observed apparent terminal half-life for intravenous 2 and 4 mg ibandronate after 2 hours of infusion ranges from 4.6 to 15.3 hours and 5 to 25.5 hours, respectively. Following intravenous administration, total clearance of ibandronate is low, with average values in the range 84 to 160 mL/min. Renal clearance (about 60 mL/min in healthy postmenopausal women) accounts for 50% to 60% of total clearance and is related to creatinine clearance. The difference between the apparent total and renal clearances likely reflects bone uptake of the drug. Pharmacokinetics in Specific Populations Pediatrics The pharmacokinetics of ibandronate have not been studied in patients less than 18 years of age. Gender The pharmacokinetics of ibandronate are similar in both men and women. Geriatric Since ibandronate is not known to be metabolized, the only difference in ibandronate elimination for geriatric patients versus younger patients is expected to relate to progressive age-related changes in renal function [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) ] . Race Pharmacokinetic differences due to race have not been studied. Renal Impairment Renal clearance of ibandronate in patients with various degrees of renal impairment is linearly related to creatinine clearance (CLcr). Following a single dose of 0.5 mg ibandronate by intravenous administration, patients with creatinine clearance 40 to 70 mL/min had 55% higher exposure (AUC ∞ ) than the exposure observed in patients with creatinine clearance higher than 90 mL/min. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min) had more than a two-fold increase in exposure compared to the exposure for patients with creatinine clearance equal to or higher than 80 mL/min [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . Hepatic Impairment No studies have been performed to assess the pharmacokinetics of ibandronate in patients with hepatic impairment since ibandronate is not metabolized in the human liver. Drug Interaction Melphalan/Prednisolone A pharmacokinetic interaction study in multiple myeloma patients demonstrated that intravenous melphalan (10 mg/m 2 ) and oral prednisolone (60 mg/m 2 ) did not interact with 6 mg ibandronate upon intravenous coadministration. Ibandronate did not interact with melphalan or prednisolone. Tamoxifen A pharmacokinetic interaction study in healthy postmenopausal women demonstrated that there was no interaction between oral 30 mg tamoxifen and intravenous 2 mg ibandronate.

Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, fertility

, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis In a 104-week carcinogenicity study, doses of 3, 7, or 15 mg/kg/day were administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats (systemic exposures in males and females up to 3 and 1 times, respectively, human exposure). There were no significant drug-related tumor findings in male or female rats. In a 78-week carcinogenicity study, doses of 5, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day were administered by oral gavage to NMRI mice (exposures in males and females up to 96 and 14 times, respectively, human exposure). There were no significant drug-related tumor findings in male or female mice. In a 90-week carcinogenicity study, doses of 5, 20, or 80 mg/kg/day were administered in the drinking water to NMRI mice. A dose-related increased incidence of adrenal subcapsular adenoma/carcinoma was observed in female mice, which was statistically significant at 80 mg/kg/day (32 to 51 times human exposure). The relevance of these findings to humans is unknown. Exposure multiples comparing human and rodent doses were calculated using human exposure at the recommended intravenous dose of 3 mg every 3 months, based on cumulative AUC comparison. Mutagenesis There was no evidence for a mutagenic or clastogenic potential of ibandronate in the following assays: in vitr o bacterial mutagenesis assay in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (Ames test), mammalian cell mutagenesis assay in Chinese hamster V79 cells, and chromosomal aberration test in human peripheral lymphocytes, each with and without metabolic activation. Ibandronate was not genotoxic in the in vivo mouse micronucleus tests for chromosomal damage. Impairment of Fertility In female rats treated from 14 days prior to mating through gestation, decreases in fertility, corpora lutea and implantation sites, and increased preimplantation loss were observed at an intravenous dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day (117 times human exposure). In male rats treated for 28 days prior to mating, a decrease in sperm production and altered sperm morphology were observed at intravenous doses greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/kg/day (greater than or equal to 40 times human exposure). Exposure multiples comparing human and rat doses were calculated using human exposure at the recommended intravenous dose of 3 mg every 3 months, based on cumulative AUC comparison.

In a 104-week carcinogenicity study, doses of 3, 7, or 15 mg/kg/day were administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats (systemic exposures in males and females up to 3 and 1 times, respectively, human exposure). There were no significant drug-related tumor findings in male or female rats. In a 78-week carcinogenicity study, doses of 5, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day were administered by oral gavage to NMRI mice (exposures in males and females up to 96 and 14 times, respectively, human exposure). There were no significant drug-related tumor findings in male or female mice. In a 90-week carcinogenicity study, doses of 5, 20, or 80 mg/kg/day were administered in the drinking water to NMRI mice. A dose-related increased incidence of adrenal subcapsular adenoma/carcinoma was observed in female mice, which was statistically significant at 80 mg/kg/day (32 to 51 times human exposure). The relevance of these findings to humans is unknown. Exposure multiples comparing human and rodent doses were calculated using human exposure at the recommended intravenous dose of 3 mg every 3 months, based on cumulative AUC comparison.

Mutagenesis There was no evidence for a mutagenic or clastogenic potential of ibandronate in the following assays: in vitr o bacterial mutagenesis assay in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (Ames test), mammalian cell mutagenesis assay in Chinese hamster V79 cells, and chromosomal aberration test in human peripheral lymphocytes, each with and without metabolic activation. Ibandronate was not genotoxic in the in vivo mouse micronucleus tests for chromosomal damage.

Impairment of Fertility In female rats treated from 14 days prior to mating through gestation, decreases in fertility, corpora lutea and implantation sites, and increased preimplantation loss were observed at an intravenous dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day (117 times human exposure). In male rats treated for 28 days prior to mating, a decrease in sperm production and altered sperm morphology were observed at intravenous doses greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/kg/day (greater than or equal to 40 times human exposure). Exposure multiples comparing human and rat doses were calculated using human exposure at the recommended intravenous dose of 3 mg every 3 months, based on cumulative AUC comparison.

Information for patients

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION "See FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide) " Inform patients that ibandronate sodium injection must be administered intravenously by a health care professional. Patients should be instructed to read the Medication Guide carefully before ibandronate sodium injection is administered and to re-read it each time the prescription is renewed because it contains important information the patient should know about ibandronate sodium injection. Inform patients that ibandronate sodium injection is administered once every 3 months. If the dose is missed, the injection should be administered as soon as it can be rescheduled. Thereafter, injections should be scheduled every 3 months from the date of the last injection. Do not administer ibandronate sodium injection more frequently than once every 3 months. Inform patients that they should take supplemental calcium and vitamin D if their dietary intake is inadequate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Inform patients ibandronate sodium injection should not be administered to patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min. A serum creatinine should be measured prior to each dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Inform patients that the most common side effects of ibandronate sodium include arthralgia, back pain, hypertension, and abdominal pain. Flu-like symptoms (acute phase reaction) may occur within 3 days following infusion, and usually subside within 24 to 48 hours without specific therapy. Inform patients that there have been reports of persistent pain and/or a non-healing sore of the mouth or jaw, primarily in patients treated with bisphosphonates for other illnesses. If they experience these symptoms, they should inform their physician or dentist. Inform patients that severe bone, joint, and/or muscle pain have been reported in patients taking bisphosphonates, including ibandronate sodium. Patients should report severe symptoms if they develop. Inform patients that atypical femur fractures in patients on bisphosphonate therapy have been reported. Patients should report new thigh or groin pain and undergo evaluation to rule out a femoral fracture. Manufactured by Manufactured for Gland Pharma Limited, Apotex Corp. India Weston, Florida M.L.No.103/AP/RR/97/F/R 33326 Rev. 6

Storage and handling

Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].